The motherboard is the central printed circuit
board, called Motherboard because this component is a major component of the
series of CPUs, so the motherboard can be interpreted in the Indonesian
language is the Parent Board or the main board.
As the name implies, the motherboard or mainboard is
often also referred to the circuit board where all the other components are
connected. The motherboard is the control center that regulates the work of all
the components installed. Regulate the provision of electrical power on any PC
component. There were many small pieces slot to plug in RAM(Random Access
Memory) and the adapter. There plugged processors.
The motherboard is sometimes alternatively known as
the mainboard, system board, planar board or, on Apple computers, the logic
board. It is also sometimes casually
shortened to mobo.
As the time gone, the motherboard has a variety of
development accompanied by development of its components. Where development
will be very influence the mechanism of other devices.
B. HISTORY
OF MOTHERBOARD
Prior to the advent of the microprocessor, a
computer was usually built in a card-cage case or mainframe with components
connected by a backplane consisting of a set of slots themselves connected with
wires; in very old designs the wires were discrete connections between card
connector pins, but printed circuit boards soon became the standard practice.
The Central Processing Unit, memory and peripherals
were housed on individual printed circuit boards which plugged into the
backplate. During the late 1980s and 1990s, it became economical to move an
increasing number of peripheral functions onto the motherboard. In the late
1980s, motherboards began to include single ICs (called Super I/O chips)
capable of supporting a set of low-speed peripherals: keyboard, mouse, floppy
disk drive, serial ports, and parallel ports. As of the late 1990s, many
personal computer motherboards supported a full range of audio, video, storage,
and networking functions without the need for any expansion cards at all;
higher-end systems for 3D gaming and computer graphics typically retained only
the graphics card as a separate component.
The early pioneers of motherboard manufacturing were
Micronics, Mylex, AMI, DTK, Hauppauge, Orchid Technology, Elitegroup, DFI, and
a number of Taiwan-based manufacturers.
The most popular computers such as the Apple II and
IBM PC had published schematic diagrams and other documentation which permitted
rapid reverse-engineering and third-party replacement motherboards. Usually
intended for building new computers compatible with the exemplars, many
motherboards offered additional performance or other features and were used to
upgrade the manufacturer's original equipment.
Motherboard distinguished on the form and layout of
the circuit is commonly called the form factor. From its shape, the motherboard
are usually divided into two, namely the model of desktop (monitorplaced on the
CPU) and the model tower (monitor placed next to theCPU).
While based on the form factors are used, the
motherboarddistinguished on two big groups: ATX (Advanced Technology
-introduced by IBM in 1984) and non ATX.
C.
COMPONENTS OF MOTHERBOARD
Modern motherboards include :
·
Microprocessor or processor is a chip that serves as the brains of a PC.
·
Power Connector is a pin which
connect the motherboard with power supply in casing of a computer
·
chipset which forms an interface between the CPU's front-side bus, main
memory, and peripheral buses
· a
clock generator which produces the system clock signal to synchronize the
various components
·
Southbridge
Under the southbridge chipset heatsink that there
are functions to perform input and output regulation of several components such
as hard drives, optical drives, USB ports, and PCI Express expansion slots.
Along with the many demands of the process to be done, so now it comes with the
chipset heatsink to be more stable.
·
Northbridge
Located under the Chipset heatsink fan is equipped
with working with the southbridge chipset to make arrangements for a video
card, processor, and memory. At this chipset has several new features that can
deliver high speed ports for LAN connections and added extra PCI Express.
·
Soket and slot of processor to
plug your processor
·
Floppy and IDE connector to connect the motherboard with storage devices
· AGP
4X slot for graphic card
· Standby
Power LED as reminder for turn off the system power before turn on
or turn off the machine.
·
non-volatile memory chips (usually Flash ROM in modern motherboards)
containing the system's firmware or BIOS
· PCI
slots
· PS/2
Mouse Port
· Port
Paralel dan Serial
·
RJ-45 Port
· Line
in jack and out jack for audio
·
Microphone jack
· USB
2.0 port 1 dan port 2
· USB
2.0 port 3 dan port 4
·
Video Graphics Adapter Port (VGA)
· Keyboard connector
·
Printer slot
· BIOS
When you first turn on the PC, the motherboard will
boot and run code that contains the Basic Input Ouput System (BIOS), BIOS will
run some tests to prepare for all the hardware and then run the operating
system. BIOS itself is stored in Flash RAM with a capacity of about 2-4 MB, and
chanced upon this example has two motherboard BIOS.
·
Batere CMOS as stopgap of power suply.
·
Expansion slots
Some of the latest motherboards are now equipped
with a mix of PCI and PCI Express expansion slot. As for the PCI Express there
are usually two types, namely PCI Express 16x that serves to replace the AGP
and PCI Express 1x slot is the smallest size and will be used as a substitute
for the existing PCI slot for modem support and some other input device.
·
Additional Components
Some motherboard manufacturers usually equip chipset
motherboard with some optional, like the Silicon Image SATA RAID, FireWire
Controller Texas Instruments, and two Broadcom Gigabit LAN controller. Some
chipsets can be used to support the connectivity that requires a higher
transfer rate.
D. FUNCTION
OF MOTHERBOARD
The motherboard or mainboard is the board / main
board where the main components such as microprocessors and memory (RAM, ROM,
BIOS) chip along with other controllers. There is also SLOT Expansion is the
place to put the cards additional functions to improve the facilities and
capabilities required. Microprocessor mounted on the socket / slot
corresponding to the shape and size of the microprocessor, such as socket 370,
470, LGA 775, socket A 462 (AMD), the socket slot I (Pentium 2 and 3). On the
motherboard, microprocessor communicates with other components via a bus or
data path. This bus has evolved from the bus 66, 100, 133, 200, 266, 333, 400,
500, 800 MHz. This development was to compensate for the microprocessor work
faster. Expansion slot also experiencing growth. Usually table of diagram has
been included on the motherboard when
you buy a CPU / Mainboard .Processor or CPU (central processing unit) has the
function to read and interpret instructions, does execution, and storing the
results in memory. CPU data bus that is used has a 16.32 or 64 bit.
E. SORT OF
MOTHERBOARD
Various sorts of Motherboard :
a. AMD Motherboard
b. VIA Motherboard
c. ATX Motherboard
d. INTEL Motherboard
e. ASUS Motherboard
F.
MOTHERBARD DAMAGE
If the PC is often times show an attorney-alamatan
complicated, or displaying an error message, emits a continuous beep uniformly
or irregularly, the PC is probably in trouble,
This type of damage can be categorized into two
categories :
a)
Damage to Hardware:
Problems with hardware components need to be serious
because of the difficulty of handling localized and removed without the proper
tools, skills and experiences that support. Explanation will revolve around the
problems that often occur along with how to cope.
b)
Damage to the Mother Board
Symptoms:
Once turned on, no display on the monitor, the
indicator light (LED) on the front panel is lit, the indicator light (LED)
flashing monitors, power supply fan and processor fan spins, no beep sound at
the speaker.
Solution:
The first step, loose all power cables which
connected to the electrical, data cable to the monitor, keyboard cable / mouse,
and all the cables which connected to the CPU, then cashing out all the screw
covers. In an open case please also remove other components, ie the voltage of
power supply cables are connected to the motherboard, hard drive, floppy, be
careful not to rush the process. So is the card attached to the Motherboard
(VGA, Sound Card or other). Now attached to the motherboard just cashing it.
Please check carefully the motherboard, see Chip (IC), Elko, transistor and
others if there is a fire.
If there are no signs of burnt components likely
motherboard is still good, but sometimes when motherboard does not work because
of program damage which contained in the
BIOS,
The sentence:
I have a motherboard with ECS G41T-brands-M16, this motherboard I
bought 7 years ago.
I bought this motherboard because it is cheap and the quality is
pretty good, proven by pemakain normal until now remain durable.
in the past I bought this motherboard for Rp 400,000.00
I think for electronic items like this, pemakain for 7 years
already prove that the stuff I buy is have good quality
Sumber : http://sukasukalulu.blogspot.co.id/2012/10/contoh-makalah-bahasa-inggris.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motherboard
http://endangkurniati.blogspot.com/2011/06/makalah-motherboard.html